Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. It marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years when the ovaries stop releasing eggs and producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

The most common symptoms of menopause include:

• Hot flashes
• Night sweats
• Irregular periods
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood changes (irritability, anxiety, or depression)
• Vaginal dryness
• Decreased libido
• Memory issues or difficulty concentrating (“brain fog”)
• Joint pain or stiffness
• Thinning hair or changes to skin (itching, dryness)

The duration of menopause symptoms varies. Hot flashes and other symptoms can last anywhere from months to the average of 7 years, with some women experiencing symptoms for a shorter period, while others may continue to have them longer. It is important to remember that each woman is unique and so is her menopause journey.

Perimenopause is the transitional phase before menopause, usually occurring in a woman’s late 40s to early 50s.  The perimenopause  timeline can vary with each person. During perimenopause, hormone levels fluctuate, and women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, along with the onset of menopause-related symptoms like hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood swings.

MHT is a treatment that involves the use of hormones to relieve menopause symptoms, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and sleep problems. MHT can be taken in several forms, including oral pills, patches, gels, or vaginal creams. As per the Menopause Society, MHT is first line treatment for hot flashes and night sweats in the appropriate person if a risk assessment details appropriateness.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy has been studied extensively for safety over decades. What we know is that risk must be assessed for each individual uniquely. We also know that risk is dependant on personal history, family history, timing, type and duration of therapy. Know that for many women, the benefits outweigh the risks and the positive impact on Quality of Life and Bone Health can be dramatic. More to come!

For women who cannot take HRT or prefer not to, there are alternative treatments for managing menopause symptoms, including:

• Non-hormonal medications
• Lifestyle changes (regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management techniques)
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for mood and sleep issues

The most important first step in menopause is getting evidence-based information from a provider you trust.

You can also visit: menopause.org and www.menopauseandu.ca